Bocio endotorácico / Endothoracic Goiter

Introducción: Un bocio se considera intratorácico cuando más de un 50 por ciento de la glándula tiroides está en el mediastino, o sea, por debajo del nivel del estrecho torácico superior. Se trata de una enfermedad poco frecuente que padece aproximadamente el 3 por ciento de los pobladores del mundo. La incidencia del bocio nodular ha disminuido debido a la ingestión en algunos países de sal yodada y alimentos ricos en yodo. Esta enfermedad alcanza alrededor del 10 por ciento de las masas mediastínicas. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente masculino, operado de bocio endotorácico en la provincia de Cienfuegos. Presentación de caso: Se presenta un paciente masculino, de 48 años de edad, que acude a consulta y refiere aumento de volumen del cuello en la región anterior, que se acompaña de decaimiento y en ocasiones disfagia tanto a los alimentos líquidos como a los sólidos. Además, refiere ligera disnea que tolera adecuadamente cuando realiza las actividades de la vida diaria. Por tratarse de una enfermedad poco frecuente, se considera de interés científico publicar el caso para conocimiento de los profesionales dedicados al estudio y tratamiento de las afecciones tiroideas. Conclusiones: El bocio endotorácico es una entidad poco frecuente y en todos los casos requiere de intervención quirúrgica(AU)

Introduction: A goiter is considered intrathoracic when more than 50 percent of the thyroid gland is in the mediastinum; in other words, below the level of the superior thoracic outlet. It is a rare disease that affects approximately 3 percent of the world's population. The incidence of nodular goiter has decreased due to the ingestion of iodized salt and iodine-rich foods in some countries. This disease accounts for about 10 percent of mediastinal masses. Objective: To present the case of a male patient operated on for endothoracic goiter in the province of Cienfuegos. Case presentation: The case is presented of a 48-year-old male patient who comes for consultation referring a volume increase in the anterior neck region, accompanied by decay and sometimes dysphagia to both liquid and solid food. In addition, he reports slight dyspnea that he tolerates adequately when performing daily living activities. Since this is a rare disease, it is considered of scientific interest to publish the case for the knowledge of professionals dedicated to studying and treating thyroid disorders. Conclusions: Endothoracic goiter is a rare entity and, in all cases, requires surgical intervention(AU)

Transcriptomic Analysis of Wuzi Yanzongwan on Testicular Spermatogenic Function in Semi-castrated Male Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo screen out the transcriptomes related to the intervention of Wuzi Yanzongwan on the spermatogenic function of semi-castrated male mice， and to explore its potential mechanism in the intervention of the progress of low spermatogenic function. MethodBalb/c mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group， model group， testosterone propionate group（0.2 mg·kg-1·d-1， intramuscular injection） and Wuzi Yanzongwan group（1.56 g·kg-1·d-1， intragastric administration） according to body weight， with 12 mice in each group. The right testicle and epididymis were extracted from the model group and the drug administration group to construct the semi-castrated model of low spermatogenic function， while the fur and the right scrotum of the sham-operated group were only cut and immediately sterilized and sutured. At the end of the intervention， hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the histopathology of testis， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of serum testosterone（T）， luteinizing hormone（LH） and follicle stimulating hormone（FSH）. The sperm count and motility of epididymis were measured by automatic sperm detector of small animal. Transcriptomic microarray technology was used to detect the mRNA expression level of testicular tissue in each group， the transcriptome of genes related to the regulation of Wuzi Yanzongwan was screened， and three mRNAs were selected for Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） to verify the transcriptome data. Through the annotation analysis of Gene Ontology（GO） and the signaling pathway analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， the related functions of drugs regulating transcriptome were analyzed. ResultCompared with the sham-operated group， the testicular tissue of mice in the model group showed spermatogenic injury， contraction and vacuolization of the seminiferous tubules， reduction of spermatogenic cells at all levels， widening of the interstitial space， obstruction of spermatogonial cell development and other morphological abnormalities， and serum T significantly decreased， LH significantly increased（P<0.01）， and FSH elevated but no statistically significant difference， the count and vitality of epididymal sperm significantly decreased（P<0.01）. There were 882 differentially expressed mRNAs in the testicular tissues， of which 565 were up-regulated and 317 were down-regulated. Cluster analysis showed that these differentially expressed mRNA could effectively distinguish between the sham-operated group and the model group. Compared with the model group， the damage to testicular tissue in the Wuzi Yanzongwan group was reduced， the structure of the seminiferous tubules was intact， vacuolization was reduced， and the number of spermatogenic cells at all levels was significantly increased and arranged tightly. The serum T significantly increased， LH significantly decreased（P<0.01）， and FSH decreased but the difference was not statistically significant. The count and vitality of sperm in the epididymis were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Moreover， Wuzi Yanzongwan could regulate 159 mRNA levels in the testes of semi-castrated mice， of which 32 were up-regulated and 127 were down-regulated， and the data of the transcriptome assay was verified to be reliable by Real-time PCR. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the transcriptome functions regulated by Wuzi Yanzongwan were involved in the whole cell cycle process of sperm development such as sex hormone production of interstitial cells in testis， renewal， differentiation， metabolism， apoptosis and signal transduction of spermatogenic cells， and were closely related to the biological behaviors of signaling pathways such as spermatogenic stem cell function， endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and metabolic program. ConclusionWuzi Yanzongwan can effectively improve the low spermatogenic function of semi-castrated male mice， and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of testicular transcriptional regulatory network， the synthesis of sex hormones in testicular interstitial cells， the function of spermatogenic stem cells， the whole cell cycle process of spermatogenesis， as well as the expression of endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and metabolic program related genes transcription.

Trajetória para implementação de programa de navegação de pacientes na oncologia: relato de experiência / The path to implementing a patient navigation program in oncology: an experience report

OBJETIVO: Descrever a trajetória para a implementação de um Programa de Navegação para pacientes oncológicos. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência realizado em um Centro de Oncologia do Sul do Brasil. RESULTADOS: O processo de implementação da navegação ocorreu em quatro etapas: a primeira iniciou com implementação da navegação para pacientes privados com câncer de cabeça e pescoço; a segunda envolveu o piloto do programa de navegação de pacientes com câncer de mama para entender as principais barreiras enfrentadas pelas pacientes; a terceira etapa, foi elaborar e aprovar a Política do Programa de Navegação Institucional. Na última, o Programa de Navegação da linha de cuidado da mama foi implementado para pacientes com indicação de neoadjuvância. Obteve-se redução de 70% na mediana de tempo de indicação e primeira consulta oncológica, de 28,6% no tempo entre sintoma e diagnóstico, 26,0% no tempo entre diagnóstico e início de tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A implementação de um Programa de Navegação para pacientes com câncer exige dedicação e comprometimento institucional onde se evidencia um melhor cuidado oncológico, tendo o enfermeiro como protagonista da gestão e efetivação do processo.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of implementing a Navigation Program for cancer patients. METHOD: Descriptive study, type of experience report carried out in an Oncology Center in Southern Brazil. RESULTS: The process of implementing navigation took place in four stages: the first began with the implementation of navigation for private patients with head and neck cancer; the second involved piloting the navigation program for breast cancer patients to understand the main barriers faced by patients; the third stage, was to draw up and approve the Institutional Navigation Program Policy. In the last stage, the Breast Care Navigation Program was implemented for patients with neoadjuvant indications. A 70% reduction was achieved in the median time between indication and first oncology consultation, 28.6% between symptom and diagnosis, and 26.0% between diagnosis and start of treatment. CONCLUSION: Implementing a Navigation Program for cancer patients requires dedication and institutional commitment, leading to better cancer care, with nurses playing a leading role in managing and implementing this process.

Histología testicular y morfología de la vejiga natatoria del pez neotropical Plagioscion magdalenae (Acanthuriformes: Sciaenidae): implicaciones en su taxonomía y distribución / Testicular histology and morphology of the swim bladder of the neotropical fish Plagioscion magdalenae (Acanthuriformes: Sciaenidae): implications in taxonomy and distribution

Introducción: La Pácora (Plagioscion magdalenae) es una especie nativa de Colombia y en categoría de casi amenazada a nivel del país, de la que poco se conoce acerca de las estructuras con aporte etológico en su historia de vida. Objetivo: Analizar el desarrollo gonadal relacionado con la espermatogénesis de P. magdalenae y las implicaciones taxonómicas a partir de la vejiga natatoria. Métodos: Realizamos siete muestreos en dos periodos climáticos: el primero en octubre de 2019 a febrero de 2020 de recolectas bimensuales y la segunda de octubre 2020 a enero 2021 de recolectas mensuales; con el fin de abarcar cada momento del pulso de inundación de la cuenca baja del Magdalena. Describimos la histomorfología testicular y las características macroscópicas de la vejiga natatoria de la especie. Además, analizamos aspectos como relaciones morfométricas, clases de tallas por sexos, la proporción sexual y la época de madurez sexual. Resultados: Analizamos 142 ejemplares y 4 intervalos de tallas fueron establecidos (entre 145 y 575 mm LE), 66 fueron machos y 73 hembras con una proporción sexual global 1.1:0.9 (hembra-macho) sin diferencias. Los machos tienen testículos de tipo tubular, protegidos por el peritoneo que se encuentra recubierto por la musculatura sónica de la vejiga natatoria, la cual posee forma de ''zanahoria'' sin apéndices, con dos bandas laterales de músculos intrínsecos (promedio entre 6.75 cm de largo y 1.48 cm de ancho) unidos por una aponeurosis y que solo se encuentran en machos sexualmente maduros. Conclusión: Los testículos poseen una organización de tipo lobular irrestricto y la espermatogénesis se da en lóbulos seminíferos. La vejiga natatoria de la Pácora es simple y no tiene estructuras accesorias. La distribución geográfica de P. magdalenae se restringe a la cuenca del río Magdalena en Colombia.

Introduction: The Pácora (Plagioscion magdalenae) is a species native to Colombia and in near-threatened category at the country level, of which little is known about the structures with ethological contribution in its life history. Objective: To analyze the gonadal development related to spermatogenesis of P. magdalenae and the taxonomic implications from the swim bladder. Methods: We collected seven samples in two climatic periods: the first from October 2019 to February 2020 of bimonthly collections, and the second from October 2020 to January 2021 of monthly collections; to cover every moment of the flood pulse of the lower Magdalena basin. We described the testicular histomorphology and macroscopic characteristics of the swim bladder of the species. In addition, we analyzed aspects such as morphometric relationships, size classes by sex, sex ratio and time of sexual maturity. Results: We analyzed 142 specimens and established 4 size intervals (between 145 and 575 mm SL), 66 were males and 73 females with an overall sex ratio of 1.1:0.9 (female-male) with no differences. Males have tubular testes protected by the peritoneum covered by the sonic musculature of the swim bladder, which has a ''carrot'' shape without appendages, with two lateral bands of intrinsic muscles (average between 6.75 cm long and 1.48 cm wide) connected by an aponeurosis and found only in sexually mature males. Conclusion: The testes have an unrestricted lobular organization and spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous lobes. The swim bladder of the Pácora is simple and has no accessory structures. The geographic distribution of P. magdalenae is restricted to the Magdalena River basin in Colombia.

Association between microRNA expression and risk of male idiopathic infertility in Iraq

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization defines infertility as the inability to get pregnant after 12 months of unprotected sexual activity. This study was conducted to estimate the levels of gene expression for two mature miRNAs (i.e., miR-122 and miR-34c-5p) to evaluate susceptibility to male infertility. METHODS: This study included 50 male patients with idiopathic infertility who were admitted to hospital from the period November 2021 to May 2022 and another group consisting of 50 apparently healthy individuals used as controls. RESULTS: miR-122 level was significantly highest in azoospermia and followed by oligospermia, 39.22 (31.88) versus 37.34 (20.45), respectively. In addition, there was a very significant difference in miR-34c-5p levels between the study groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Two miRNAs, namely, miR-34c-5p and miR-122, can be used as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers for infertility.

Tumor Sólido Pseudopapilar de Páncreas en varón

Objetivo: Comunicar el caso de un varón diagnosticado de tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas (TSPP). Esta patología afecta fundamentalmente a mujeres jóvenes, siendo extremadamente infrecuente en hombres. Caso Clínico: Varón de 40 años diagnosticado por TC de masa intraabdominal sólida bien delimitada, de 12,5 × 13 × 8,5 cm, heterogénea, con calcificaciones periféricas y realce tras la administración de contraste en fase portal, dependiente de cuerpo-cola pancreática. Se realiza puncion, no concluyente. La laparotomía exploradora mostró tumoración sólida dependiente de cola pancreática que incluye vasos esplénicos. Se liberó el tumor de forma periférica, requiriendo pancreatectomía distal y esplenectomía. El resultado AP informó neoplasia pseudopapilar sólida de cola pancreática de bajo grado de malignidad, bien diferenciado (G1). Alta hospitalaria al 12° día sin complicaciones. Actualmente libre de enfermedad tras dos años de la intervención. Discusión: Este tumor infrecuente representa el 1%-3% de las neoplasias pancreáticas. El 90% afecta a mujeres jóvenes, con proporción de mujeres a hombres de 4:1. En estos, tiene mayor potencial maligno con peor pronóstico. Conclusión: La baja incidencia en varones puede dificultar el diagnóstico. Sin embargo, debemos tenerlo en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial, ya que el tratamiento quirúrgico radical aumenta significativamente la supervivencia al evitar la recurrencia local y las metástasis a distancia, lo que supone un reto quirúrgico.

Objective: To report the case of a male diagnosed with a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the páncreas. This pathology fundamentally affects young women, being extremely infrequent in men. Clinical Case: A 40-year-old man diagnosed by CT with a well-defined solid intra-abdominal mass, 12.5 × 13 × 8.5 cm, heterogeneous, with peripheral calcifications and enhancement after contrast administration in the portal phase, dependent on the body-tail of the pancreas. Fine needle puncture is performed, inconclusive. The exploratory laparotomy showed a solid tumor dependent on the pancreatic tail that included splenic vessels. The tumor was released peripherally, requiring distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. The AP result reported solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreatic tail of low grade of malignancy, well differentiated (G1). Hospital discharge on the 12th day without complications. Currently free of disease two years after the intervention. Discussion: This rare tumor represents 2%-3% of pancreatic neoplasms. 90% affects young women, with a ratio of women to men of 4:1. In these, it has greater malignant potential with worse prognosis. Conclusion: The low incidence in males can make diagnosis difficult. However, we must take it into account in the differential diagnosis, since radical surgical treatment significantly increases survival by avoiding local recurrence and distant metastases, which is a surgical challenge.

Clinical and metabolic characteristics of males with early-onset androgenetic alopecia

Background: Men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA) often have an abnormal hormonal milieu. Objective: To ascertain the clinico-phenotypic characteristics and the prevalence of hormonal and metabolic changes in men with early-onset AGA. Methods: Consecutive male patients less than 30 years of age with a Norwood-Hamilton grade ?3 AGA were recruited in this comparative cross-sectional study. After endocrine evaluation they were classified into two groups, that is, Group A consisting of subjects with an altered hormonal profile and Group B with normal hormonal profiles. The groups were assessed for differences in disease phenotype and severity (Norwood-Hamilton grade), insulin resistance and parameters of metabolic syndrome (ATP III guidelines). Results: Altered hormonal profiles were seen in 34 of the 100 subjects with AGA, while insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome were noted in 44 and 26 respectively. Altered hormonal profiles were significantly associated with insulin resistance and severe alopecia (grade 4 and above Hamilton-Norwood Scale). Insulin resistant Group A patients had a significantly higher prevalence of severe alopecia (>grade 4) (P = 0.0036). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar in both groups. Limitation: The cross sectional study design was a drawback of this study. Further, a control arm without AGA was not included and the sample size of 100 was selected arbitrarily. Conclusion: An altered hormonal profile and insulin resistance was noted in a third of the males with early-onset AGA. Subjects with altered hormonal profiles had a higher prevalence of insulin resistance and were likely to have severe grades of AGA

Anthropometric Characteristics and Body Composition of Elite Youth Male Basketball Players - Participants of Junior Euroleague / Características Antropométricas y Composición Corporal de Jugadores de Baloncesto Masculino Juveniles de Élite - Participantes de Junior Euroleague

SUMMARY: The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the junior basketball players of the BC Partizan and BC Buducnost Voli, in terms of their anthropometric characteristics and body composition. A sample of 22 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 11 players of the basketball team Partizan (Serbia), of the average age 17.18 ± 0.50, while the other sub-sample consisted of 11 players of basketball team Buducnost Voli (Montenegro), based on the average age of 17.28 ± 0.30. All players were tested in Podgorica, in a lasting period of two days, while they held international friendly tournament, just before the start of the national championships. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of eleven variables: body height (cm), body weight (kg), triceps skinfold, back skinfold, biceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, thighs skinfold, calf skinfold, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat and muscle mass (kg). Differences in anthropometric characteristic and composition of the body of the male junior basketball players of two basketball teams were determined by using a discriminatory parametric procedure with t-test for small independent samples. It was found that the basketball players of Partizan are taller and have a lower body mass. Also, there are significant statistical differences by seven: triceps skinfold, back skinfold, biceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, calf skinfold, thigh skinfold and BMI.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre jugadores de baloncesto junior del BC Partizan y BC Buducnost Voli, en cuanto a sus características antropométricas y composición corporal. Una muestra de 22 sujetos se dividió en dos submuestras. La primera submuestra estuvo formada por 11 jugadores del equipo de baloncesto Partizan (Serbia), con una edad media de 17,18 ± 0,50, mientras que la otra estaba formada por 11 jugadores del equipo de baloncesto Buducnost Voli (Montenegro), cuya edad media era de 17,28 ± 0,30 años. Todos los jugadores fueron evaluados en Podgorica, en un período de dos días, mientras se realizaba un torneo amistoso internacional, precisamente antes del inicio de los campeonatos nacionales. Las características antropométricas en la composición corporal se evaluaron mediante una batería de once variables: altura corporal (cm), peso corporal (kg), pliegue cutáneo tríceps, pliegue cutáneo dorsal, pliegue cutáneo bicipital, pliegue cutáneo abdominal, pliegue cutáneo de muslos, pliegue cutáneo de pantorrillas, índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa y masa muscular (kg). Se determinaron las diferencias en las características antropométricas y la composición del cuerpo de los jugadores juveniles masculinos de baloncesto de los dos equipos de baloncesto mediante un procedimiento paramétrico discriminatorio con prueba t para pequeñas muestras independientes. Se encontró que los jugadores de baloncesto del Partizan eran más altos y tenían una masa corporal más baja. Además, existían diferencias estadísticas significativas en los pliegue cutáneos del tríceps, de la espalda, del bíceps, abdominal, de la pantorrilla y del muslo además de diferencias en el IMC.

In the shoes of a person with Gynaecomastia

In this narrative, I step into the shoes of someone who has lived with gynaecomastia — male breasts. Using the imaginary character of Aarav, I reflect on the themes of the stigma associated with body image, the courage to face it, and the role human relationships can play in fostering self-acceptance.

Role of Dietary Management and Physical Activity in Control of Hypertension in Rural Areas of Punjab-A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: As reported by WHO, hypertension is the third ‘killer’ disease, accounting for one in every eight deaths worldwide. Many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are found to be associated with the disease. The present study aims to determine the role of dietary management and physical activity in the control of hypertension in a given population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted that. Study included all hypertensive patients (290) from the field practice area of a tertiary care institute. A self-constructed, pretested questionnaire was used to enquire about the socio- demographic factors and other risk factors associated with hypertension. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23 and valid conclusions were drawn by using the chi-square test. Results: Out of 290 patients, 204 (70.3%) were females and 86 (29.7%) were males. Univariate analysis identified decreased salt intake, decreased fatty food consumption, physical activity, stress management, and spiritual help as highly significant factors affecting hypertension. On multivariate analysis, physical activity, stress management and spiritual help were found to be significant. Conclusion: The study showed that physical activity, stress management and spiritual help were significantly associated with hypertension control among the elderly. Measures should be taken to create awareness about lifestyle modifications in the control of hypertension.

Identifying Pre-hypertensives in the Community: At Risk Approach for Prevention of Hypertension

Introduction: Pre-hypertension is a borderline health state of increased blood pressure (BP) that falls short of the measurable parameters at which surveillance and/or therapy would be required. The approach of identifying people “At Risk” of developing hypertension can be more cost-effective and feasible for applying lifestyle interventions. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to find the prevalence of pre-hypertensives and associated bio-socio-demographic factors Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1946 participants aged 19 years and more in the Doiwala block of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Multistage sampling was used to arrive at desired sample size. A pre-validated, structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire included information on the socio-demographic profile (age, sex, education etc.), awareness about hypertension and its associated risk factors. Statistical Analysis: The chi-square test was used to compare proportions and draw inferences. Results: 958 (49.2%) study participants out of a total 1946 were found to be pre-hypertensives. A statistically significant association was found between pre-hypertension and factors such as male gender, age, education, occupation and waist-hip ratio. (p<0.05) Conclusion: It is recommended that identification on the pre-hypertensive group and subjecting them to lifestyle modification could be a fruitful strategy for preventing them from becoming hypertensive.

An Assessment of Skin Diseases in People and Their Quality of Life in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

Background: Skin diseases occur in all age groups in developed and developing countries. Various types of skin diseases are found worldwide and depend on factors like environment, surrounding ecology, dietary habits, socioeconomic status, mental health, and literacy. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) improves after treatment or cure of the diseases. Objectives: To estimate the pattern of skin disease. To find out the quality of life and association of skin disease with sociodemographic factors among patients. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was done in skin OPD at the tertiary care center, Banda district of Uttar Pradesh, India from May 2022 to July 2022. All patients who attended to skin OPD during study period were included in the study after taking informed verbal consent. Results: Skin diseases had further divided in subcategories which were infectious conditions, pigmentary disorders, inflammatory dermatoses, miscellaneous skin conditions, benign tumor and other lesions with their percentage 44.8, 10.5, 28.6, 7.1, 2.9 and 6.2%, respectively in this study Classes of DQLI where major portion of patients (49.52%) were in ‘Small effect on patient’s life’ category. The relation of age, religion, education and member of household with history of skin disease were found to be highly statistically significant. Conclusion: Infectious skin diseases were found more common in study area. Male populations were more commonly affected. Skin diseases were more common in age group of 18–60 years. Study participants showed no predominant effect on quality of life. But small effect class had major effect on participant’s quality of life.

The Better Ghost: Women In White Or Men In Black

Eerie atmosphere, silence of the dark night, thunderstorm, creaking doors, dim lights, then suddenly there is a shadow from behind with intense music. Well these are some of the core ingredient of the horror movies which we have seen since our childhood, one can understand that these are the sure shot formula for setting the stage for the big reveal i.e. the ghost. Now from here our topic of discussion starts which is the portrayal of women as ghost in Hindi cinema. Whenever we watch a Hindi movie more than often we encounter a female ghost wandering around, singing sweet melodies trying to charm the male counterpart and then ultimately killing them. A question always arises in mind as why always there is a female ghost who gets the responsibility of scaring the audience. For this we need to find the answer through our very own horror movies.

An Appraisal of Behavioural and Non-Behavioural Factors Influencing the Male Infertility: Narrative Approach

Male infertility implies a man can't begin a pregnancy with his female accomplice. Male infertility can have many causes. You may not make sufficient sperm or sound sperm. You might have a hereditary issue like cystic fibrosis. You might have a blockage in your genital plot. According to the latest WHO statistics, approximately 50– 80 million people worldwide suffer from infertility, and male factors are responsible for approximately 20– 30% of all infertility cases. The diagnosis of infertility in men is mainly based on semen analysis. the incidence of male infertility has increased worldwide. Infertility is characterized as the failure of couples to have a child following one year of customary unprotected intercourse, influencing 10 to 15% of couples. It is necessary to study the factors that influence male infertility in each area/region for better management. This paper represents various factors based on behavioral and non-behavioral conditions prompting for male infertility augmentation rapidly.

Consideraciones clínicas y desenlaces quirúrgicos del cáncer asociado a implante mamario: una enfermedad emergente de interés

El cáncer de mama sigue siendo una de las principales prioridades en salud global y salud pública y permanece como la neoplasia maligna más frecuente y mortal en mujeres en el mundo. El linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implante mamario (LACG-AIM) consiste en un linfoma no-Hodgkin de tipo raro, del cual se desconoce mucho sobre su patogenia y fisiopatología, pero que se ve cada vez con mayor frecuencia, debido al aumento de procedimientos estéticos. A la fecha, existen limitaciones en cuanto al conocimiento sobre el comportamiento clínico y se manifiesta de muchas formas, con un tiempo de evolución variable, y desenlaces quirúrgicos inciertos a mediano y largo plazo. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de esta revisión consiste en resumir evidencia sobre las consideraciones clínicas y desenlaces quirúrgicos del cáncer asociado a implante mamario, que faciliten la identificación y abordaje de esta condición. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en los motores de búsqueda y bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, EBSCO y MEDLINE. Dentro de las consideraciones clínicas y quirúrgicas, se debe tener en cuenta el tipo de implante utilizado (texturizado), el tiempo del antecedente del implante, la severidad de las manifestaciones y la estadificación, para poder determinar la oportunidad de intervención quirúrgica y terapia neoadyuvante e intentar garantizar la supervivencia y evitar recurrencia. Aquellos pacientes sometidos a capsulectomía completa acompañado de radioterapia tienen mejores desenlaces.

Breast cancer continues to be one of the main priorities in global health and public health, and remains the most frequent and deadly malignant neoplasm in women worldwide. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare type of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, whose pathogenesis and pathophysiology are not well known, but which is seen with increasing frequency due to the increase in cosmetic procedures. To date, there are limitations in terms of knowledge about the clinical behavior of the disease, which can manifest itself in many forms, with a variable evolution time and uncertain surgical outcomes in the medium- and long-term. Based on the above, the aim of this review is to summarize evidence on the clinical considerations and surgical outcomes of breast implant-associated cancer to facilitate the identification and management of this condition. A bibliographic search was performed in the search engines and databases pubmed, sciencedirect, embase, ebsco and medline. Within the clinical and surgical considerations, the type of implant used (textured), the time of the implant history, the severity of the manifestations, and the staging, must be taken into account in order to determine the opportunity for surgical intervention and neoadjuvant therapy, and to try to guarantee survival and avoid recurrence. Patients who undergo complete capsulectomy with radiotherapy have better outcomes.

Changes in male sexuality after urologic cancer: a narrative review

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the most common sexual problems and changes experienced by male urological cancer survivors, focusing on evidence-based practices for assessment and intervention. Materials and Methods We search the PubMed, Embase, and SciELO databases between 1994 and 2022, using the following key words: "urological cancer", "urological malignances", "genitourinary cancer", "male sexual health", and "male sexual dysfunction". Results This narrative review provides an overview of the current literature involving the impact of diagnosis and treatment of urological cancers on male sexual function. Male "genital" or "reproductive" tumors, such as prostate, penile, and testicular tumors, clearly appear to affect sexual function. However, tumors that do not involve genital parts of the body, such as the bladder and kidney, can also affect male sexual function. Conclusion Male sexual dysfunction is very common after urologic cancer diagnosis and treatment. Changes in body image and anatomical damage can be associated with impaired masculinity and sexual function, especially after prostate, penile or testicular cancer treatment. Moreover, anxiety, depression, and fear of recurrence have an impact on quality of life and sexual function regardless of the cancer location. Therefore, patients need be counseled about the likely changes in sexual function before treatment of any urological cancer.

Sex with animals among men attended in referral centers for sexually transmitted infections in northeast Brazil: prevalence, associated factors and behavioral aspects

ABSTRACT Purpose Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of SWA, associated factors, relationship with STIs, and behavioral aspects in men attended at Referral Centers for STIs and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/CR-STI/AIDS in northeast Brazil. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire with sociodemographic, clinical, sexual and SWA practices information was applied to 400 men attended at two CR-STI/AIDS in Northeast Brazil on the years of 2018 and 2019. Clinical and laboratory diagnoses of STIs were confirmed in medical records. Logistic regression models were performed to identify the independent predictors for SWA. Results The prevalence of SWA over total samples was 15.00%. Of the participants, 239 (59.75%) of the participants were diagnosed with STIs, and of these 37 (15.48%) reported SWA. Most men practiced SWA in adolescence, being the last episode more than 20 years ago, usually with asinine and mules, in vaginal route and without a condom. SWA practitioners have higher percentages of occurrence of some viral STIs. SWA was associated with increasing age, history of residence in a rural area with remained over 12 years, married or widowed/separated, heterosexuals, with less than 7 years of study, Catholics, with hepatitis B, former user of alcoholic beverages and smokers, with a history of STI and intercourse with sex workers. Conclusion SWA practices increase STIs vulnerability. The association between hepatitis B and SWA highlights the importance of educational campaigns and conclusive studies on the topic.

A Study of Clinico-social Profile of Animal Bite Patients Attending the Antirabies Clinic of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur

Background: Rabies is one of zoonotic viral disease, estimated to cause 59000 human deaths annually in over 150 countries, of which 20,000 are from India alone; about 40% of which are in children under the age of 15. Rabies though 100% fatal is preventable with post-exposure prophylaxis which includes wound washing, anti-rabies vaccination and rabies immunoglobulin. Objective: To describe the clinico-social profile of animal bite patients attending the anti-rabies clinic of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the anti-rabies clinic of Nehru hospital, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur from January 2022 to May 2022. Study participants were interviewed by using a pre-phrased, pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Data regarding socio-demographic and clinical profile of the study participants following animal bite exposure was collected. Results: The total number of animal bite victims were 250, in which majority of them were males (76.77%) and highest percentage was of adult population (20-59 years). Maximum number of victims were from rural area (78.70%). 19.35% were working and 39.35% were students. 77.43% were category III bites and in 50.96% cases lower limb was the site of bite and dogs were responsible for 89.67% of the bites. 60.64% victims did not wash the wound properly before reaching the anti-rabies clinic. Conclusion: This study concludes that as majority of the animal bite victims were students and majority of victims were unaware about the importance of wound care, therefore a step can be taken to create awareness in various schools.

Vulnerability to Mental Health Problems in Indian Population during Lockdown amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: An Alarm not to Snooze

Background: Lockdown measures are being implemented in several parts of the world to control the spread of novel coronavirus. This unprecedented crisis has significantly affected the lives of people in different ways. Aim: To understand the experiences and vulnerability to mental health problems during lockdown among the Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey form circulated through various social media platforms from April 12 to May 3, 2020 containing self-reported questionnaires to collect lockdown related experiences and scales to assess anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9). A convenience sampling method was used. Results: 442 valid responses were received from different states of India. Statistical analysis revealed that one-third of the respondents suffered from some form of anxiety and depression during a lockdown. Less than 10% of them had severe levels of symptoms. The majority were males aged 18-45 years and private sector employees. Delivering essential services was involved with significant anxiety and depression. Availability of food and daily essentials was the most common problem. Difficulty in availing medicines and financial crisis were significant predictors of anxiety and depression. Worsening of interpersonal relationships was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Conclusions: The study concluded that experiences during the lockdown and associated psychological outcomes are important factors to consider and appropriate preventive measures to be taken in case of any future lockdowns.

Healthcare Seeking Behaviour of Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients During Second Wave in Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India

Background: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues its deadly reign all over the world. Devising effective strategies for detecting and controlling the infection has become ever more critical. Effective prevention and control of the pandemic is entirely dependent on human behavior in terms of practicing preventive and curative measures. During the second wave of COVID-19, people’s perceptions of preventive and curative measures changed. Objective: To study healthcare-seeking behavior of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: Hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 in the month of March, April and May of 2021 were included in the study. Their attendants/close relatives were contacted telephonically to know about the admitted patients’ healthcare-seeking behavior. Verbal consent was taken from attendants before the commencement of the interview, followed by informing them about the purpose of the interview. Results: Amongst the subjects, there were more males than females (67.5 vs 32.4%), age ranged between 18 to 88 with a mean value of 56.61 ± 14.7 years. Self-medication was significantly associated with study subjects’ mortality (p=0.03). Conclusion: Elderly people were having higher mortality rate than their younger counterparts. People were hesitant to visit primary care physicians after having symptoms of COVID-19.